Investigation of the same isomeric pair, produced from different nuclear reactions
Main Article Content
Abstract
The isomeric ratio (IR) of isomeric pair 109m,gPd, produced in 110Pd(γ, n)109m,gCd reaction and 108Pd(n, γ)109m,gPd neutron capture reactions, induced by thermal, epithermal and mixed thermal-epithermal neutrons have been determined. The off-line activation technique using a spectroscopic system consisting of a HPGe semiconductor detector with high energy resolution and a PC based 8192 channel analyzer (CANBERRA) was applied. The investigated samples were prepared from the 99.99 % purity PdO and irradiated at the electron accelerator Microtron MT-25 of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna, Russia. The data analysis and necessary corrections were made to upgrade the precision of the experimental method. The obtained results were discussed, compared and combined with those from other authors to point out the role of the reaction channels in nuclear reactions.
Article Details
Keywords
Photonuclear reaction, neutron capture reactions, isomeric ratio, isomeric pair 109m,gPd, intake impulse, transfer momentum, reaction channel effect
References
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[37]. Mogahed Al-abyad and Gehan Y. Mohamed, “Neutron capture cross section measurements and theoretical calculation for the 186W(n, γ)187W reaction”, Radiochim. Acta, V. 105, N. 5, 347 – 357, 2017.
[38]. Junhua Luo, Suyuan Li, Li Jiang, “Activation cross section and isomeric cross-section ratio for the 151Eu(n, 2n)150m,gEu process”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, V. 148, 43 – 49, 2018.
[39]. S. Palvanov, T. Akhmadzhanov, “Investigation of isomer ratios in the reactions (γ, n) and (n, 2n) on nuclei 76Ge and 82Se”, Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences, V. 2, N.4, Art. 3, 2019.
[40]. Md. Shakilur Rahman, Guinyun Kim, Kyung-Sook Kim, Manwoo Lee, and A. K. M. Moinul Haque Meaze, “Photonuclear Studies for the Isomeric Yield Ratios in the Production of Nat.Fe((γ, xnp)152m,gMn with 50-, 60-, and 70 - MeV Bremsstrahlung”, EPJ Web of Conferences 106, 04008, DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201610604008, 2016.
[2]. J. R. Huizenga, R. Vandenbosch, “Isomeric Cross Section Ratios for Reactions Producing The Isomeric Pair Hg197,197m”, Phys. Rev. 120, 1313 -1318, 1960.
[3]. N. Tsoneva, Ch. Stoyanov, Yu. P. Gangrsky, Yu. V. Ponomarev, N. P. Balabanov and A. P. Tonchev, “Population of Isomers in The Decay of The Giant Dipole Resonance”, Phys Rev C 61: 044303, 2000.
[4]. T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, P. V. Cuong and N. T. Vinh, “The Isomeric Ratios In Photonuclear Reactions Of Natural Barium Induced By Bremsstrahlungs With Endpoint Energies in The Giant Dipole Resonance Region”. J Radioanal Nucl Chem V. 292, 89 – 96, 2012.
[5]. T. D. Thiep, T.T An, P.V. Cuong and N. T. Vinh, “Study of The Isomeric Ratios In Photonuclear Reactions of Natural Selenium Induced by Bremsstrahlungs With Endpoint Energies In The Giant Dipole Resonance Region”, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., V. 292, N. 3, 1035 – 1042, 2012.
[6]. T. D. Thiep, N. V. Do, T T An and N. N. Son, “Nuclear Reactions With 14 Mev Neutrons and Bremsstrahlungs in Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) Region Using Small Accelerators”, Nucl Phys A V. 722, 568 – 572, 2003.
[7]. A. G. Belov, Yu. P. Gangrsky et al, “Excitation of high spin isomers in photonuclear reactions”, Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. V.1, N.4, 47-52, 2004.
[8]. Tran Duc Thiep, Truong Thi An, Phan Viet Cuong, Nguyen The Vinh, Bui Minh Hue, A. G. Belov and O. D. Maslov, “The Study of Isomeric Ratios in Photonuclear Reactions Forming High Spin Isomers in the Giant Dipole Resonance Region”, Communications in Physics, V. 24, N. 4, 381, 2014.
[9]. M. Huber, P. von Neumann-Cosel, A. Richter, C. Schlegel, R. Schulz, J. J. Carroll, K. N. Taylor, D. G. Richmond, T. W. Sinor, C. B. Collins, V. Yu. Ponomarev, “Structure Of Intermediate States In The Photo-Excitation of 89Y isomer”. Nucl Phys A 559, 253 – 265, 1993.
[10]. J. J. Carroll, C. B. Collins, K. Heyde, M. Huber, P. von Neumann-Cosel, V. Yu. Ponomarev, D. G. Richmond, A. Richter, C. Schlegel, T. W. Sinor, K. N. Taylor, “Intermediate Structure In The Photoexcitation of 60mSe, 79mBr and 137mBa”. Phys Rev C V.8, N.5, 2238 – 2245, 1993.
[11]. S. Mukherjee, N. L. Singh, G. Kiran Kumar and L. Chaturvedi, “Measurement And Analysis Of Isomeric Cross Section Ratios In The Reaction 93Nb(Α, 2n)95Tc: Pre-Equilibrium Reaction Mechanism”, Phys. Rev. C 72: 014609, 2005.
[12]. S. Sudar and S. M. Qaim, “Cross Sections for The Formation Of 195m,Ghg, 197m,Ghg, And 190m,Gau In Α And 3He-Particle Induced Reactions On Pt: Effect Of Level Density Parameters On The Calculated Isomeric Cross-Section Ratio”, Phys Rev C 73: 034613, 2006.
[13]. A. S. Danagulyan, G. H. Hovhannisyan, T. M. Bakhshiyan, R. H. Avagyan, A. E. Avetisyan, I. A. Kerobyan, and R. K. Dallakyan, “Photonuclear Reactions on 112,118,124Sn, Nat.Te, and Nat.Hf Targets”, Physics of Atomic Nuclei, V. 77, N. 11, 1313–1320, 2014.
[14]. S. R Palvanov, E. K .Bozorov, M. I. Mamajusupova, G. S. Palvanova, Y. A. Saidimov, “Excitation of Isomeric States in Reactions (γ, n) and (n, 2n) on 110Pd Nucleus”, World Journal of Research and Review, V. 5, N. 5, 28 – 31, 2017.
[15]. M. Mazur, D. M. Symochko, Z. M. Bigan, and T. V. Poltorzhytska, “Excitation of the 119mTe, 121mTe, 123mTe, 127mTe and 129mTe Isomers in (γ, n) Reactions from 10 to 22 MeV”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 044604, 2013.
[16]. Tran Duc Thiep, Truong Thi An, Phan Viet Cuong, Bui Minh Hue, A. G. Belov, S. Mitrofanov, “Isomeric Yield Ratios of 195m,gHg and 197m,gHg in the 196Hg(γ, n) and 198Hg(γ, n) Reactions Induced By Bremsstrahlung Energy Within Giant Dipole Resonance Region”, Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B. 457, 4-9, 2019.
[17]. A. J. Koning, S. Hilaire and M. C. Duijvestijn, “TALYS1.0”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, April 22-27, 2007, Nice, France, Editors O. Bersillon, F. Gunsing, E. Bauge Leray, EDP Sciences, 211, 2008. www.talys.eu.
[18]. Junhua Luo*, Chunlei Wu, Li Jiang and Suyuan Li, “Activation Cross Section And Isomeric Crosssection Ratio for the (n, 2n) Reaction on 132,134Ba”, Radiochim. Acta, DOI 10.1515/ract-2017-2768, 2017.
[19]. Rajnikant Makwana, S. Mukherjee, Jian-Song Wang, Zhi-Qiang Chen, “New Empirical Formula for (γ, n) Reaction Cross Section Near GDR Peak For Elements With Z > 60”, Chinese Physics C Vol. 41, No. 4, 044105, 2017.
[20]. Haladhara Naik , Md. Shakilur Rahman, Guinyun Kim, Kyung-Sook Kim, Muhammad Zaman, Ashok Goswami, Man Woo Lee, Sung-chul Yang, Young-Ouk Lee, Sung-Gyun Shin, Moo-Hyun Cho, “Measurement of Flux-Weighted Average Cross Sections for 197Au(γ, xn) Reactions and Isomeric Yield Ratios of 19Mm,gAu with Bremsstrahlung”, Nucl. Phys. A 948, 28 – 45, 2016.
[21]. O. M. Vodin, O. A. Bezshyyko, L. O. Golinka-Bezshyyko, I. M. Kadenko, V. A. Kushnir, A. V. Kotenko, O. V. Lubynets, V. V. Mitrochenko, S. M. Olejnik, S. A. Perezhogin, C. Vallerand, “Isomer Ratios In Photonuclear Reactions With Multiple Neutron Emission, Problems of Atomic Science and Technology”, N3(121). Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (71), 38-46, 2019.
[22]. A. G Belov, P. G. Bondarenko, Yu. G. Teteriev, Microtron. Preprint of JINR, D15-93-80, Dubna, Russia, 1993.
[23]. N. Sodnom, D. Baatarkhuu, A. G. Belov, Sh. Gerbish, V. E. Zuchko, Kh. Sirazhet, B. Cergelen, Yu. G. Teteriev, “A Project of the Laboratory of Activation Analysis Using a Microtron for Mongolia”, Preprint of the JINR Dubna, 18-89-798, 1989.
[24]. T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, P. V. Cuong, N. T. Vinh, B. M. Hue, A. G. Belov, O. D. Maslov, „Channel Effect In Isomeric Ratio of 137m,gCe Produced In Different Nuclear Reactions”, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 314, 1777–1784, 2017.
[25]. Firestone RB, Table of Isotopes, CD ROM Edn, Version 1.0, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1996.
[26]. Radiation Search, http://ie.lbl.gov/toi/radSearch.asp
[27]. Tran Duc Thiep, Truong Thi An, Phan Viet Cuong, Nguyen The Vinh, Bui Minh Hue, Le Tuan Anh, A. G. Belov, “Isomeric Yield Ratio of 152m1Eu(8-) to 152m2Eu(0-) Produced from 153Eu (γ, n) 152Eu Reaction in The Giant Dipole Resonance Region”, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., N. 317, 1263 - 1271, 2018.
[28]. D. M. Montgomery, G. A. Montgomery, “A Method for Assessing and Correcting Coincidence Summing Effects for Germanium Detector Efficiency Calibration”, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., V. 193, N. 1, 71 – 79, 1995.
[29]. C. T. Bishop, H. K. Vonach and J. R. Vandenbosch, “Isomer Ratio for Some (n, γ) Reactions”, Nucl. Phys. A 60, 241 – 249, 1964.
[30]. M. L. Sehgal, H. S. Hans, P. S. Gill, “Thermal Neutron Cross-Sections For Producing Some Isomers”, Nucl. Phys. V.12, N.3, 261 – 268, 1959.
[31]. H. D. Luc, T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, P. An, “Isomeric Yield Ratios In The Productions of Sm143m,g Sm143m,g Sm143m,g Sm143m,g by 14 MeV Neutrons and 15 - 20.5 MeV Bremstrahlungs, Bulg”. J. Phys. V. 14, N. 2, 152 – 156, 1987.
[32]. A. M. Goriachev and G. L. Zalesnyi, “Determination of Parameters of the Back-Shift Fermi Gas Model from Measurement of the Average Energy in Photo-neutron Spectra”, Bulletin of USSR Academy of Science, V. 54 , N. 11, 2240 – 2243, 1990.
[33]. L. I. Schiff, “Energy-angle distribution of thin target bremsstrahlung”, Phys. Rev. 83, 252-253, 1951.
[34]. Bryn Knight and Liliana Caballero, “Computing Neutron Capture Rates in Neutron-Degenerate Matter”, Universe, V. 5, N.36, 1 - 9, 2019.
[35]. D. Denis-Petit, O. Roig, V. Meot, B. Morillon, P. Romain , M. Jandel, T. Kawano, D. J. Vieira, E. M. Bond, T. A. Bredeweg, A. J. Couture, R. C Haight, A. L. Keksis, R. S. Rundberg, and J. L. Ullmann, “Isomeric ratio measurements for the radiative neutron capture 176Lu(n,γ) at DANCE”, EPJ Web of Conferences 146, 01009, 2017.
[36]. Saumi Dutta, Dipti Chakraborty, G. Gangopadhyay and Abhijit Bhattacharyya, “Neutron Capture Reactions near N = 82 Shell-closure”, arXiv:1509.00567v1[nucl-th]2 Sep 2015.
[37]. Mogahed Al-abyad and Gehan Y. Mohamed, “Neutron capture cross section measurements and theoretical calculation for the 186W(n, γ)187W reaction”, Radiochim. Acta, V. 105, N. 5, 347 – 357, 2017.
[38]. Junhua Luo, Suyuan Li, Li Jiang, “Activation cross section and isomeric cross-section ratio for the 151Eu(n, 2n)150m,gEu process”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, V. 148, 43 – 49, 2018.
[39]. S. Palvanov, T. Akhmadzhanov, “Investigation of isomer ratios in the reactions (γ, n) and (n, 2n) on nuclei 76Ge and 82Se”, Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences, V. 2, N.4, Art. 3, 2019.
[40]. Md. Shakilur Rahman, Guinyun Kim, Kyung-Sook Kim, Manwoo Lee, and A. K. M. Moinul Haque Meaze, “Photonuclear Studies for the Isomeric Yield Ratios in the Production of Nat.Fe((γ, xnp)152m,gMn with 50-, 60-, and 70 - MeV Bremsstrahlung”, EPJ Web of Conferences 106, 04008, DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201610604008, 2016.