Studies of multiparticle photonuclear reactions in natural iron induced by 2.5 GeV bremsstrahlung
Main Article Content
Abstract
Multiparticle photonuclear reactions produced on natural iron target with maximum end-point energy of 2.5 GeV bremsstrahlung have been investigated by using the activation method in combination with g-ray spectrometric techniques. The g-spectra were measured with a high energy resolution g-spectrometer based on HPGe detector. The radioactive residual nuclei formed via nuclear reactions were identified based on their half-lives and g-ray energies. The yields of reaction products were determined based on their g-activities. In order to improve the accuracy of the experimental results a series of g-spectra were measured at different cooling times and the necessary corrections were made. More than twenties radioactive nuclei formed via the following photonuclear reactions: natFe(g,xn), natFe(g,xnyp) and natFe(g,p-xn) have been identified and their yields have been determined. The present experimental results are compared with reference data and analyzed with an empirical formula given by Rudstam.
Article Details
Keywords
Bremsstrahlung, Activation method, Gamma spectrometer, Reaction yield
References
[2] J. R.Wu and C.C. Chang, “Pre-equilibrium particle decay in the photonuclear reactions”, Phys. Rev. C 16, 1812 (1977).
[3] K. Lindgren and G. G. Jonsson, “Photon-induced nuclear reaction above 1 GeV”, Nucl. Phys., A197, 71(1972).
[4] A.S. Danagulyan, N.A.Demekhina and G.A. Vartapetyan, “Photonuclear reactions in medium weight nuclei 51V, 55Mn and Cu”, Nucl. Phys. A 285, 482 (1977).
[5] S. Shibata, M. Imamura, T. Miyachi and M. Mutou, “Photonuclear spallation reactions in Cu”,¬¬ Phys. Rev. C 35, 254 (1987).
[6] G. Kumbartzki and U. Kim, “High-energy photonuclear reactions in vanadium and iron”, Nucl. Phys. A 176, 23 (1971).
[7] T. Sato, K. Shin, S.Ban, Y. Namoto, H.Nakamura, H.Hirayama, “Measurements of high – energy photonuclear reaction yields in the 2.5 GeV electron beam stop”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 401, 476 (1997).
[8] Hiromitsu Haba, “Recoil Studies of photonuclear reactions at intermediate energies”, J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci. 3, 11 (2002).
[9] Koh Sakamoto, “Radiochemical study on photonuclear reactions of complex nuclei at intermediate energies”, J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci. 4, 9 (2003).
[10] Nguyen Van Do, Pham Duc Khue and Kim Tien Thanh, Le Truong Son, Guinyum Kim, Young Seok Lee, Youngdo Oh, Hee-Seock Lee, Moo-Hyun Cho, In Soo Ko and Won Namkung, “Isomeric cross-section ratios for the 45Sc(,n)44m,gSc, natTi(,xn1p)44m,gSc, natFe(,xn5p)44m,gSc and natCu(,xn8p)44m,gSc reactions induced by 2.5 GeV Bremsstrahlung”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth., B266, 5080 (2008).
[11] Nguyen Van Do, Pham Duc Khue, Kim Tien Thanh and Nguyen Thi Thanh Van, “High energy photon induced nuclear reactions in natural copper”, Comm. in Phys., Special issue, 19,177 (2009).
[12] H. S. Lee, S. Ban, T. Sato, K. Shin, J. S. Bak, C. W. Chung, H. D. Choi, “Photoneutron Spectra from Thin Targets Bombarded with 2.0 GeV Electrons”, J. Nucl. Sci. and Tech. Supplement 1, 207 (2000).
[13] Van Do Nguyen, Duc Khue Pham, Duc Thiep Tran, Van Duan Phung, Y. Seok Lee, Hee-Seock Lee, Moo-Hyun Cho, In Soo Ko and Won Namkung, A.K.M. Moinul Haque Meaze, K Devan and Guinyun Kim. “Measurement of Neutron and Photon Distributions by Using an Activation Technique at the Pohang Neutron Facility”. J. Korean Phys. Soc., 48, 382 (2006).
[14] R. B. Fiestone, L.P. Ekström, “Table of Radioactive Isotopes”, Version 2.1, January 2004, web: http://ie.lbl.gov/toi.html.
[15] M. L. Terranova and O.A.P.Tavares, “Total Nuclear Photoabsorption Cross Section in the Range 0.2-1.0 GeV for Nuclei throughout the Periodic Table”, Phys. Scri. 49, 267 (1994).